>> Surveillance of SO2 and NO2 from ship emissions by MAX-DOAS measurements and the implications regarding fuel sulfur content compliance
题名：Surveillance of SO2 and NO2 from ship emissions by MAX-DOAS measurements and the implications regarding fuel sulfur content compliance
来源：Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
发表年代：2019年
作者：Yuli Cheng, Shanshan Wang*, Jian Zhu, Yanlin Guo, Ruifeng Zhang, Yiming Liu, Yan Zhang, Qi Yu,Weichun Ma, and Bin Zhou*
Abstract Due to increased concerns regarding air pollutants emitted from shipping, feasible technology for the surveillance of these pollutants is in high demand. Here, we present shore-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of SO2 and NO2 emitted from ships under different traffic conditions in China's shipemission control areas (ECAs) in Shanghai and Shenzhen, China. Three typical measurement sites were selected in these two regions to represent the following emission scenarios: ships docked at berth, ships navigating in an inland waterway and inbound/outbound ships in a deep-water port. Using 2-D scanning, the observations show that SO2 and NO2 hot spots can be quickly and easily located from multiple berths. Although MAX-DOAS measurements can not distinguish plumes from specific ships in the busy shipping lanes of the inland waterway area, they certify that variations in the SO2 and NO2 levels are mainly impacted by the ship traffic density and the atmospheric dispersion conditions. In the open water area, which has a lower vessel density, MAX-DOAS measurements can capture the pulse signal of ship-emitted SO2 and NO2 very well; they can also characterize the peak's altitude and the insistent duration of the individual ship plumes. Combined with the ship activity data, information on the rated power of the engine and the fuelsulfurcontent, it was found that the SO2=NO2 ratio in a single plume is usually low (<1.5) for inbound vessels due to the usage of the auxiliary engine, which has less power and uses clean fuel with a low sulfurcontent. Thus, an unexpectedly high SO2=NO2 ratio implies the use of fuel with a sulfurcontent exceeding the regulation limits. Therefore, the observed SO2=NO2 ratio in the plume of a single ship can be used as an index to indicate compliance (or noncompliance) with respect to the fuelsulfurcontent, and the suspicious ship can then be flagged for further enforcement. Combining the shipemissions estimated by actual operation parameters and the logical sulfurcontent, shore-based MAXDOASmeasurements will provide a fast and more accurate way to surveil shipemissions. © Author(s) 2019.
